Fatiga por compasión en los profesionales de la intervención social: estrategias de afrontamiento y satisfacción por la compasión como factor determinante
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63790/cdvs.v19i1.511Palabras clave:
fatiga por compasión, satisfacción por compasión, estrategias de afrontamiento, mediaciónResumen
La investigación sobre la fatiga por compasión se ha centrado principalmente en los profesionales de la salud, mientras que el conocimiento sobre los trabajadores de la intervención social es limitado. Estos trabajadores atienden a personas en situaciones de extrema vulnerabilidad, estrés y violencia, lo que puede provocar altos niveles de estrés y fatiga por compasión. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el nivel de fatiga por compasión en estos profesionales y probar un modelo mediacional en el que las estrategias de afrontamiento, a través de la satisfacción por compasión, la reducen. Los participantes fueron 400 profesionales de la intervención social de diferentes comunidades autónomas españolas, con una media de 10 años de servicio. La evaluación de la fatiga por compasión se realizó con el ProQol y las estrategias de afrontamiento con el CSI. También se midieron variables organizativas y laborales. Las variables organizacionales y laborales mostraron diferencias significativas en la fatiga por compasión: ésta aumentó con más de 15 años de trabajo y con malas condiciones laborales. La satisfacción por compasión actuó como mediador entre las estrategias de afrontamiento y la fatiga por compasión. La autocrítica se muestra como la estrategia más relevante para aumentar la fatiga, ya que elimina el efecto de la satisfacción por compasión. Es necesario formar a los profesionales en el manejo adecuado esta problemática y evitar culpabilizarlos (autocrítica) en su actividad profesional. También es necesario introducir una cultura de cuidado organizacional en las administraciones.
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