Bullying y Cyberbullying en el contexto peruano (2017–2021)
una revisión sistemática
Palabras clave:
Revisión sistemática, Acoso, Ciberacoso, Niños, AdolescentesResumen
Una revisión sistemática sobre el bullying y que incluya estudios solo en Perú, es necesaria. Por ello, los objetivos de la revisión son 1) Sintetizar la literatura presente en los últimos cinco años, 2) Evaluar la calidad de los estudios y 3) Sugerir futuras investigaciones. Se realizó esta revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020 y se utilizaron instrumentos como el Standard Quality Assessment Criteria y el Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool para evaluar la calidad de los estudios. Tras realizar búsquedas en 6 bases de datos, finalmente 11 artículos fueron seleccionados. Los principales resultados se agruparon en 3 factores (ambientales, personales y psicológicos). Se discuten las posibles implicaciones para futuras investigaciones.
Citas
Benavides-Abanto, C. M., Jara-Almonte, J. L., Stuart, J. & La Riva, D. (2021). Bullying Victimization Among Peruvian Children: The Predictive Role of Parental Maltreatment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(13–14), 6369–6390. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518817780
Bouldin, E., Patel, S. R., Tey, C. S., White, M., Alfonso, K. P. & Govil, N. (2021). Bullying and Children who are Deaf or Hard‐of‐hearing: A Scoping Review. The Laryngoscope, 131(8), 1884–1892. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.29388
Canty, J., Stubbe, M., Steers, D. & Collings, S. (2014). The Trouble with Bullying - Deconstructing the Conventional Definition of Bullying for a Child-centred Investigation into Children’s Use of Social Media. Children & Society, 30(1), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12103
Chang, V. (2021). Inconsistent definitions of bullying: A need to examine people’s judgments and reasoning about bullying and cyberbullying. Human Development, 65(3), 144-159. https://doi.org/10.1159/000516838
Copp, J. E., Mumford, E. A. & Taylor, B. G. (2021). Online sexual harassment and cyberbullying in a nationally representative sample of teens: prevalence, predictors, and consequences. Journal of adolescence, 93, 202-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.10.003
Earnshaw, V. A., Bogart, L. M., Poteat, V. P., Reisner, S. L. & Schuster, M. A. (2016). Bullying Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth. Pediatric clinics of North America, 63(6), 999–1010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2016.07.004
Falla, D. y Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2019). Los Escolares Diagnosticados con Trastorno del Espectro Autista y Víctimas de Acoso Escolar: una Revisión Sistemática. Psicología Educativa, 25, 77 - 90. https://doi.org/10.5093/psed2019a6
Falla, D., Sánchez, S. & Casas, J. A. (2021). What Do We Know about Bullying in Schoolchildren with Disabilities? A Systematic Review of Recent Work. Sustainability, 13(1), 416. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010416
Gladden, R. M., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., Hamburger, M. E. & Lumpkin, C. D. (2014). Bullying surveillance among youths: Uniform definitions for public health and recommended data elements. http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/bullying-definitions-final-a.pdf
Guo, S., Liu, J. & Wang, J. (2021). Cyberbullying Roles Among Adolescents: A Social-Ecological Theory Perspective. Journal of School Violence, 20(2), 167–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2020.1862674
Heiden-Rootes, K., Salas, J., Moore, R., Hasan, S. & Wilson, L. (2020). Peer Victimization and Mental Health Outcomes for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Youth: A Latent Class Analysis. The Journal of school health, 90(10), 771–778. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12940
Herrera-López, M., Romera, E. M. & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2018). Bullying y Cyberbullying en Latinoamérica. Un estudio bibliométrico. Revista mexicana de investigación educativa, 23(76), 125-155. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-66662018000100125&lng=es&tlng=es
Hobaica, S., Kwon, P., Reiter, S. R., Aguilar‐Bonnette, A., Scott, W. D., Wessel, A. & Strand, P. S. (2021). Bullying in schools and LGBTQ+ youth mental health: Relations with voting for Trump. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 21(1), 960-979. https://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12258
Hong, Q.N., Fàbregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F.K., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., Gagnon, M., Griffiths, F.E., Nicolau, B., O’Cathain, A., Rousseau, M., Vedel, I. & Pluye, P. (2018). The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers. Educ. Inf., 34, 285-291.
Houchins, D. E., Oakes, W. P. & Johnson, Z. G. (2016). Bullying and Students With Disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 37(5), 259–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741932516648678
Jackman, K., Kreuze, E. J., Caceres, B. A. & Schnall, R. (2020). Bullying and Peer Victimization of Minority Youth: Intersections of Sexual Identity and Race/Ethnicity. The Journal of school health, 90(5), 368–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12883
Kahle L. (2020). Are Sexual Minorities More at Risk? Bullying Victimization Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Questioning Youth. Journal of interpersonal violence, 35(21-22), 4960–4978. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517718830
Killer, B., Bussey, K., Hawes, D. & Hunt, C. (2019). A meta‐analysis of the relationship between moral disengagement and bullying roles in youth. Aggressive Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21833
Kmet, L. M., Lee, R. C. & Cook, L. S. (2004). Standard quality assessment criteria for evaluating primary research papers from a variety of fields. Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research. http://www.ihe.ca/advanced-search/standard-quality-assessment-criteria-for-evaluating-primary-research-papers-from-a-variety-of-fields
Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N. & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618
Koyanagi, A., Oh, H., Carvalho, A. F., Smith, L., Haro, J. M., Vancampfort, D., Stubbs, B. & DeVylder, J. E. (2019). Bullying Victimization and Suicide Attempt Among Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years From 48 Countries. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(9), 907–918.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.10.018
Kumar, A. & Sachdeva, N. (2019). Cyberbullying detection on social multimedia using soft computing techniques: a meta-analysis. Multimedia Tools and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-7234-z
Lo Cricchio, M. G., García-Poole, C., te Brinke, L. W., Bianchi, D. & Menesini, E. (2020). Moral disengagement and cyberbullying involvement: A systematic review. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18(2), 271-311. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2020.1782186
Maïano, C., Aimé, A., Salvas, M.-C., Morin, A. J. S. & Normand, C. L. (2016). Prevalence and correlates of bullying perpetration and victimization among school-aged youth with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 49-50, 181–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2015.11.015
Maïano, C., Normand, C. L., Salvas, M.-C., Moullec, G. & Aimé, A. (2015). Prevalence of School Bullying Among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Autism Research, 9(6), 601–615. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1568
Martínez, I., Murgui, S., Garcia, O. F. & Garcia, F. (2019). Parenting in the digital era: Protective and risk parenting styles for traditional bullying and cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 90, 84–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.036
Martínez, J., Rodríguez-Hidalgo, A. J. & Zych, I. (2020). Bullying and cyberbullying in adolescents from disadvantaged areas: Validation of questionnaires; prevalence rates; and relationship to self-esteem, empathy and social skills. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(17), 6199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176199
Miranda, R., Oriol, X. & Amutio, A. (2019). Risk and protective factors at school: Reducing bullies and promoting positive bystanders' behaviors in adolescence. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 60(2), 106–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12513
Miranda, R., Oriol, X., Amutio, A. y Ortúzar, H. (2019). Bullying en la adolescencia y satisfacción con la vida: ¿puede el apoyo de los adultos de la familia y de la escuela mitigar este efecto? Revista de Psicodidáctica, 24(1), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psicod.2018.07.001
Moretti, C. y Herkovits, D. (2021). De víctimas, perpetradores y espectadores: una meta-etnografía de los roles en el ciberbullying. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 37, e00097120. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00097120
Musalem, B. R. y Castro, O. P. (2015). Qué se sabe de bullying. Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes, 26(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmclc.2014.12.002
Nickerson, A. B. & Ostrov, J. M. (2021). Protective Factors and Working with Students Involved in Bullying: Commentary on the Special Issue and Dedication to Dan Olweus. School Mental Health, 13(3), 443-451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-021-09471-5
Olweus, D. (1997). Bully/victim problems in school: Facts and intervention. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 12(4), 495–510. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03172807
Oriol, X., Miranda, R. & Amutio, A. (2021). Correlates of Bullying Victimization and Sexual Harassment: Implications for Life Satisfaction in Late Adolescents. The Journal of School Nursing, 37(3), 202–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840519863845
Oriol, X., Miranda, R. & Amutio, A. (2021). Dispositional and situational moral emotions, bullying and prosocial behavior in adolescence. Current Psychology, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02396-x
Oriol, X., Miranda, R. & Unaune, J. (2019). Bullying victimization at school and Subjective well-being in early and late Peruvian adolescents in residential care: The contribution of satisfaction with microsystem domains. Children and Youth Services Review, 104685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104685
Oriol, X., Miranda, R., Amutio, A., Acosta, H. C., Mendoza, M. C. & Torres-Vallejos, J. (2017). Violent relationships at the social-ecological level: A multi-mediation model to predict adolescent victimization by peers, bullying and depression in early and late adolescence. PLOS ONE, 12(3), e0174139. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174139
Park, I., Gong, J., Lyons, G. L., Hirota, T., Takahashi, M., Kim, B., Lee, S. Y., Kim, Y. S., Lee, J. & Leventhal, B. L. (2020). Prevalence of and Factors Associated with School Bullying in Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis. Yonsei medical journal, 61(11), 909–922. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2020.61.11.909
Polanco-Levicán, K. & Salvo-Garrido, S. (2021) Bystander Roles in Cyberbullying: A Mini-Review of Who, How Many, and Why. Front. Psychol. 12:676787. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.676787
Rodríguez Jara, D. D. y Noé Grijalva, H. M. (2017). Acoso escolar y asertividad en institución educativa nacional de secundaria de Chimbote Perú. Revista de investigaciones Altoandinas, 19(2), 179-186. https://dx.doi.org/10.18271/ria.2017.276
Rosen, N. L. & Nofziger, S. (2019). Boys, bullying, and gender roles: How hegemonic masculinity shapes bullying behavior. Gender Issues, 36(3), 295-318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-018-9226-0
Salmivalli, C., Lagerspetz, K., Björkqvist, K., Österman, K. & Kaukiainen, A. (1996). Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behavior, 22, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(1996)22:1%3C1::AID-AB1%3E3.0.CO;2-T
Schoeler, T., Duncan, L., Cecil, C. M., Ploubidis, G. B. & Pingault, J. B. (2018). Quasi-experimental evidence on short-and long-term consequences of bullying victimization: A meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 144(12), 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000171
Slattery, L. C., George, H. P. & Kern, L. (2019). Defining the word bullying: Inconsistencies and lack of clarity among current definitions. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 63(3), 227-235.
Tokunaga, R. S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(3), 277–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2019.1579164
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO, 2019). Behind the numbers: ending school violence and bullying. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000366483
Vara-Horna, A. A., Asencios-Gonzalez, Z. B. & McBride, J. B. (2021). Does Domestic Violence Against Women Increase Teacher–Student School Violence? The Mediating Roles of Morbidity and Diminished Workplace Performance. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211038294
Vergara, B. C., Serpa-Barrientos, A. y Saldarriaga, J. V. (2020). Bullying y Resiliencia en Adolescentes Peruanos: Rol Mediador de la Autoestima. Revista de Investigación Científica en Psicología.
Volk, A. A., Dane, A. V. & Marini, Z. A. (2014). What is bullying? A theoretical redefinition. Developmental Review, 34(4), 327–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.09.001
Wang, X., Wang, W., Qiao, Y., Gao, L., Yang, J. & Wang, P. (2022). Parental Phubbing and Adolescents’ Cyberbullying Perpetration: A Moderated Mediation Model of Moral Disengagement and Online Disinhibition. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(7–8), NP5344–NP5366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520961877
Wang, X., Zhao, F., Yang, J., Gao, L., Li, B., Lei, L. & Wang, P. (2020). Childhood maltreatment and bullying perpetration among Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model of moral disengagement and trait anger. Child Abuse & Neglect, 106, 104507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104507
Yepes-Nuñez, J. J., Urrútia, G., Romero-García, M. & Alonso-Fernández, S. (2020). Declaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas. Revista Española de Cardiología, 74(9), 790–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2021.06.016
Zeladita-Huaman, J. A., Montes-Iturrizaga, I., Moran-Paredes, G. I., Zegarra-Chapoñan, R., Cuba-Sancho, J. M. y Aparco, J. P. (2020). Factores asociados a las actitudes hacia la violencia en escolares de las zonas urbano-marginales de Lima Metropolitana, 2019. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública, 37(4), 627-635. https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2020.374.5154
Zych, I., Farrington, D. P., Llorent, V. J., Ribeaud, D. & Eisner, M. P. (2021). Childhood risk and protective factors as predictors of adolescent bullying roles. International journal of bullying prevention, 3(2), 138-146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-020-00068-1
Zych, I., Ttofi, M. M. & Farrington, D. P. (2019). Empathy and Callous–Unemotional Traits in Different Bullying Roles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 20(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016683456
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Derechos de autor 2023 Oscar Carlos Puma Maque, María del Carmen Cárdenas Zúñiga

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación del trabajo al igual que licenciado bajo una Creative Commons Attribution License que permite a otros compartir el trabajo con un reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y la publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).